What bacteria is associated with dental implant failure?

The most common pathogens associated with dental implant failure due to peri-implantitis include: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) Fusobacterium nucleatum (sub spp. nucleatum and animalis) Treponema denticola (Td) Tannerella forsythia (Tf) Prevotella intermedia (Pi) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered an opportunistic pathogen associated with peri-implantitis, particularly when present as a part of the bacterial biofilm around a dental implant arising from the above bacterial species. Fungal organisms like Candida albicans, and herpes family viruses, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus also have significant influence _______ Ardila CM, Ramón-Morales OM, Ramón-Morales CA. Opportunistic pathogens are associated with deteriorated clinical parameters in peri-implant disease. Oral Dis. 2020 Sep;26(6):1284-1291. doi: 10.1111/odi.13342. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32248598. Săndulescu M, Sîrbu VD, Popovici IA. Bacterial species associated with peri-implant disease - a literature review. Germs. 2023 Dec 31;13(4):352-361. doi: 10.18683/germs.2023.1405. PMID: 38361546; PMCID: PMC10866163. Aggravated Clinical Manifestations of Peri-implant Disease are Associated with Opportunistic Bacteria Ardila et al., Oral Disease Reports, Sept. 2020 Leonhardt A, Renvert S, Dahlén G. Microbial findings at failing implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10(5):339-345. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1999.100501.x Schwarz F, Becker K, Rahn S, Hegewald A, Pfeffer K, Henrich B. Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites. Int J Implant Dent. 2015;1(1):9. doi:10.1186/s40729-015-0010-6 Albertini M, López-Cerero L, O’Sullivan MG, et al. Assessment of periodontal and opportunistic flora in patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(8):937-941. doi:10.1111/clr.12387 Jankovic S, Aleksic Z, Dimitrijevic B, Lekovic V, Camargo P, Kenney B. Prevalence of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in subgingival plaque at peri-implantitis, mucositis and healthy sites. A pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(3):271-276. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2010.11.004 Roca-Millan E, Domínguez-Mínger J, Schemel-Suárez M, Estrugo-Devesa A, Marí-Roig A, López-López J. Epstein-Barr virus and peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Viruses. 2021;13(2):250. doi:10.3390/v13020250